At Socential we refer to social entrepreneurs, social enterprises and social entrepreneurship as follows;
Social entrepreneurs drive innovative and sustainable solutions to social and environmental issues. They identify a pressing social problem and use entrepreneurial skills to solve it. Their work differ from traditional charity as they use innovative business models and methods to ensure effectiveness and scalability and also differ from traditional business as they put the benefit to society first.
Social enterprises are organizations created by social entrepreneurs to achieve their social mission. These enterprises can be non-profits or for-profits and they apply market-based strategies.
Social entrepreneurship refers to the approach and work of social entrepreneurs.
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The definitions of social entrepreneur given by the main players in this field are shown below.
1) Ashoka
http://www.ashoka.org/social_entrepreneur
Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to society’s most pressing social problems. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for wide-scale change. Rather than leaving societal needs to the government or business sectors, social entrepreneurs find what is not working and solve the problem by changing the system, spreading the solution, and persuading entire societies to take new leaps.
2) Gregory Dees, Professor of the Practice of Social Entrepreneurship, Duke University
http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.pdf
Social entrepreneurs play the role of change agents in the social sector, by:
- Adopting a mission to create and sustain social value (not just private value),
- Recognizing and relentlessly pursuing new opportunities to serve that mission,
- Engaging in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation, and learning,
- Acting boldly without being limited by resources currently in hand, and
- Exhibiting heightened accountability to the constituencies served and for the outcomes created.
3) Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship
http://www.schwabfound.org/sf/SocialEntrepreneurs/Whatisasocialentrepreneur/index.htm
Social entrepreneurs drive social innovation and transformation in various fields including education, health, environment and enterprise development. They pursue poverty alleviation goals with entrepreneurial zeal, business methods and the courage to innovate and overcome traditional practices. A social entrepreneur, similar to a business entrepreneur, builds strong and sustainable organizations, which are either set up as not-for-profits or companies.
A social entrepreneur is a leader or pragmatic visionary who:
- Achieves large scale, systemic and sustainable social change through a new invention, a different approach, a more rigorous application of known technologies or strategies, or a combination of these.
- Focuses first and foremost on the social and/or ecological value creation and tries to optimize the financial value creation.
- Innovates by finding a new product, a new service, or a new approach to a social problem.
- Continuously refines and adapts approach in response to feedback.
- Combines the characteristics represented by Richard Branson and Mother Teresa.
4) Skoll Foundation
http://www.skollfoundation.org/aboutsocialentrepreneurship/index.asp
so. cial ent.tre.pre.neur: n. 1. Society’s change agent: pioneer of innovations that change humanity
Just as entrepreneurs change the face of business, social entrepreneurs act as the change agents for society, seizing opportunities others miss and improving systems, inventing new approaches and creating sustainable solutions to change society for the better. However, unlike business entrepreneurs who are motivated by profits, social entrepreneurs are motivated to improve society. Despite this difference, social entrepreneurs are just as innovative and change oriented as their business counterparts, searching for new and better ways to solve the problems that plague society.
5) Roger L. Martin and Sally Osberg
http://www.skollfoundation.org/media/skoll_docs/2007SP_feature_martinosberg.pdf
The social entrepreneur should be understood as someone who targets an unfortunate but stable equilibrium that causes the neglect, marginalization, or suffering of a segment of humanity; who brings to bear on this situation his or her inspiration, direct action, creativity, courage, and fortitude; and who aims for and ultimately affects the establishment of a new stable equilibrium that secures permanent benefit for the targeted group and society at large.

